Publication ethics

Review process

The Editorial Board will consider submissions only if the manuscript fully complies with the journal’s guidelines. Manuscripts that do not meet the formal requirements will be returned to the authors without undergoing substantive review.
Each manuscript is evaluated for its scholarly merit by a subject editor and two anonymous reviewers who are not affiliated with the author(s)’ institution. The author will be informed whether the manuscript has been accepted for publication or rejected, based on written reviews prepared in accordance with the review form and containing a clear recommendation.
Authors are required to implement the revisions requested by the reviewers. If an author disagrees with any of the comments, a written response addressing the reviewer’s remarks should be submitted. A revised manuscript may be subject to re-review.
Once a year, the journal publishes on its website a collective list of reviewers who contributed to the evaluation of manuscripts in both annual issues.

Procedure for ensuring the originality of publications

In accordance with the standards applicable to scientific journals, the Editorial Board requires authors to disclose all entities that contributed to the preparation of the publication, including substantive, material, or financial support. Authors must present the results of their work in a transparent and reliable manner, regardless of whether the manuscript was prepared solely by the listed authors or with the assistance of a specialized entity (natural or legal person).

‘Ghostwriting’ refers to a situation in which a person contributes to the preparation of a publication, without being listed as an author or acknowledged for their role in the manuscript. 'Guest authorship' refers to a situation in which a person is listed as an author or co-author, despite having made a negligible or no contribution to the work.

To prevent such unethical practices, the Editorial Board adopts the following principles:
1. Authors must disclose the specific contributions of all individuals involved in the preparation of the publication, including their affiliations and the nature of their contributions (e.g., conceptualization, methodology, data analysis, drafting of the manuscript). The corresponding author bears primary responsibility for providing this information at the time of submission.
2. In cases of confirmed ghostwriting or guest authorship, the Editorial Board will document the matter and notify the relevant employing or affiliated institution.

Use of AI

During the submission process, authors are required to disclose use of artificial intelligence tools for purposes other than basic language correction, editing or formatting. They bear full responsibility for verifying the accuracy, validity, and integrity of any outputs generated with automated tools, as well as for the overall content of their manuscripts. Authorship cannot be attributed to content produced by automated systems.
Reviewers should not use generative artificial intelligence in the preparation of their evaluations. Such use may compromise the confidentiality of submitted materials, lead to superficial or nonspecific assessments, reinforce bias, and generate inaccurate or fabricated information, including incorrect or fictitious references.